žDirect
Speech (Kalimat Langsung) These
are the words spoken directly by the people.
žIndirect
Speech (Kalimat Tak Langsung) Is
pronounced sentence for reporting the speaker to others.So,
indirect speech ( reported speech ) used when we want someone reporting words
to other people indirectly.
The changes should from direct to indirect speech:
1. To be & Auxiliary Verbs
Direct Indirect
žAm/is/are - was/were
žShall/will - should/would
žCan -
could
žMay -
might
žMust
- had to
žHave/has to
žOught to
2. Time & Place (keterangan waktu & tempat)
Direct Indirect
žnow - then
žtomorrow - the following day
žnext
week - the following week
žtonight -
that night
žtoday - that day
žyesterday - the day before
žlast week - the week before,
žhere - there
žthis - that
these - those
žDirect Indirect
Simple
present - simple past
Simple past -
past perfect
Present perfect - past continous
Present continous - past perfect continous
žPresent
perfect continous -
past future
žSimple future
Direct & Indirect Speech Consisting of three types namely:
žI. Statement
(Pernyataan)
žII. Command (Perintah)
žIII. Question (P
ertanyaan)
I. STATEMENT
We use in indirect statement said that ( bahwa ) as a
link between sentences to introduce phrase (kalimat pengantar ) and
reportedly ( kata-kata yang dilaporkan )
reported. Sentences in indirect argument introductory statement :
žHe said
žHe said
to me that + reported words
žHe told
me
že.g - Mary
told her friends “I have been to Bali twice.”
- Mary
told her friends that she had been to Bali twice.
When the
introductory simple in the present tense, and sentence was not undergo a
change.
že.g - John says “I will go to Bandung tomorrow”
ž- John
says that he will go to Bandung tomorrow
ž
ž- Tom says “I don’t like English”
- Tom says that he don’t like English.
II. COMMAND
Command divided into two parts, namely :
1. Positive Command
žThe
positive command we add to in front of the warrant, as a link between sentences
introductory and orders reported. Sentences in this argument introduction of :
qto +
infinitive
qHe asked
me
qHe told
me
že.g - He asked me “Open your book”
ž- He
asked me to open my book.
2. Negative Command
In order not to negative we add the orders
reported.
že.g - Mary told John “Don’t wait for me”
ž- Mary
told John not to wait for her.
ž- Father
asked her “Don’t go there alone”
ž- Father asked her not to go there alone.
negative Command
In order not to negative we add the orders
reported.
že.g - Mary told John “Don’t wait for me”
ž- Mary
told John not to wait for her.
ž- Father
asked her “Don’t go there alone”
ž- Father asked her not to go there alone.
III. QUESTION
If a direct
question a direct (pertanyaan langsung ) use such a word ask : where, when, why, what, who,
how, et cetera, but the word is used as a link in reported speech. The question
was turned into a positive. A introductory his argument:
že.g:
- The man asked me : “Where do you live ?”
- The man asked me where I lived.
If not
using words immediately ask the question, and it is in the form of a question“Yes & No
Question”, we use words : if,
whether (jika, apakah) as a link
between sentences introductory and the reported.
e.g:
- The boy
asked John : “Does Mary live near here?”
-The boy asked
John if Mary lived near there.
-
- The teacher asked her : “Have you
finish your homework ?”
- The
teacher asked her if he had finished her homework.
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